Fluctuating levels of sex hormones during puberty, menses, pregnancy, and menopause have direct and indirect effects on oral health and they also influence their susceptibility to periodontal disease. Methods of manufacturing dental prosthesisimplants each to replace a nonfunctional natural tooth positioned in a jawbone of a specific preidentified patient are provided. Stress has been suggested as one of them and may negatively influence the outcome of periodontal treatment. Effects of occlusal trauma on the periodontium, alveolar bone, temporomandibular joint and central nervous system 1ana ispas, 1antarinia craciun, 1andreea kui, 1liana lascu, 1mariana constantiniuc 1department of prosthodontics,iuliu ha. As stress influences the immune system and also changes the behaviour, it is extremely important to analyse if its influence is the same on the different forms of the periodontal disease. Stress results in delayed healing of the connective tissues and bone, apical migration of the junctional epithelium and formation of periodontal pocket. The effects of stress on the periodontium of the syrian hamster. Emotional stress results in the release of adrenalin and noradrenaline from cells of the adrenal medulla.
Differences in the conceptualization of stress and depression are probably important in assessing associations with other biologic and clinical measures. The effects of stress on the periodontium of the syrian. Inflammatory disease, periodontitis, pathogenic microorganism, stress pdf. Definitio ns definitions different authors have proposed different definitions for stress stress is defined as a total transaction from demand to resolution in response to an environmental encounter that requires appraisal, coping and adaptation by the individual stress is defined as a state of physiological or psychological strain caused by adverse stimuli, physical. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in. The periodontium, defined as those tissues supporting and investing the tooth, comprises root cementum, periodontal ligament, bone lining the tooth socket alveolar bone, and that part of the gingiva facing the tooth dentogingival junction. Direct association between periodontal disease and stress remains to be proven, which is partly due to lack of an adequate animal models and difficulty to quantifying the amount and duration of stress. All of the above materials, as well as a pdf of the full guidance, are available via the sdcep website, uk. Development, anatomy and function rabia dean kings college london, united kingdom abstract this paper will explore the origin and development of the periodontal ligament pdl, its anatomical structure and function. Based on the findings of the present study, there is reasonably good attempt to express numerical data of stress to be given normal occlusal and hyperfunctional loads to simulate clinical occlusal situations which are known to be responsible for healthy and diseased periodontium.
Stress and depression may affect the onset and progression of periodontal disease. Stress is regarded as a cognitive perception of uncontrollability andor unpredictability that is expressed in a physiological and behavioural response 1. It includes a consideration of the normal functional anatomy of the periodontium, the main features of the condition, its etiology, and existing methods of treatment and their limitations. Original articles that reported on the risk factors for periodontal disease were included. Periodontal ligament an overview sciencedirect topics. The effect of orthodontic therapy on periodontal health. The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the evidence for an association between stress and periodontal disease and to present models for. Detrimental effects of smoking on periodontium in health. Periodontium and periodontal disease sciencedirect.
In the absence of these forces, the periodontium undergoes nonfunctional atrophy, while with occlusal discrepancies or heavy occlusal forces it undergoes destruction. An internationally agreed classification formulated at the world workshop in clinical periodontics in 1989 divided periodontal diseases into 5 groups. Stress induced immunosupression psychosocial stress impact the periodontal disease through alterations in immune system. Stress is often classified as acute and chronic types. The interrelation between metabolic and structural changes in these highly sensitive to stress organs was revealed.
Nutrition, periodontium introduction nutrition is defined as the science of how the body utilises food to meet the requirements for the development, growth, repair and maintenance. Simultaneous stressinduced metabolic changes in the. Iatrogenic factors affecting periodontium theapical migration and results in periodontitis and recession. Oxidative stress was defined by sies 19851 as a disturbance in the pro oxidant antioxidant balance in favour of the former leading to potential damage. However, to the best of our knowledge, no published study has established whether the mechanisms by which stress. This is a significant link and one that you should be aware of if youre dealing with stress, dental issues. The sympathetic nervous system also regulates immune cell activities. Medline 1980 to jan 2014, pubmed using medical subject headings, and.
Stress and periodontal disease stress and periodontal disease reners, m. A hygienist assessed the magnitude of periodontal disease. Direct association between stress and periodontal disease still remain to be proven with credible evidence. Occlusal forces are the physiological functional forces that activate the periodontal mechanoreceptors and maintain the health of the periodontium. Periodontitis associated with endodontic processes, necrotizing periodontal disorders, desquamative gingivitis, gingival recession, and. Stress and periodontal disease, international journal of. Role of chronic stress and depression in periodontal diseases. The role of immune system in the development of periodontal disease. Us9539062b2 methods of designing and manufacturing. In more than two dozen studies conducted over 16 years, researchers found a 57 percent correlation between stress and periodontal disease. So without disturbing the epithelial attachment the margins must be placed subgingivally. Future studies are necessary to clarify the complex interactions of chronic stress and depression in periodontal diseases. Periodontitis is defined as an inflammatory disease of supporting tissues of teeth, caused by specific microorganisms or groups of specific microorganisms, resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with periodontal pocket formation, gingival recession or both. Factors like stress, smoking, drugs and alcohol adversely affect the alveolar bone and so does low frequency noise because it results in.
Abstract objectives to date there is a paucity of documentation regarding definitions of periodontal health. The fibres are arranged in specific groups with individual functions. A dental view rajiv saini 1, santosh saini 2, sugandha r saini 3 1 department of periodontology, rural dental college, loni, maharashtra, india 2 department of microbiology, rural dental college, loni, maharashtra, india 3 department of prosthodontics, rural dental college, loni, maharashtra, india. For epidemiological purposes, gingivitis on an intact periodontium and gingivitis on a reduced periodontium in a patient without a history of periodontitis, is defined as. Aravindha babu 2 1 derpartment of preventive and community dentistry, tagore dental college and hospital, rathinamangalam, chennai. Progressed periodontitis destroys the alveolar bone that supports. Stress and the periodontium nisha sharma, sheela kumar gujjari, sachin kanagotagi abstract stress or tension is an unavoidable part of human life. Stress is an association of physiological and psychological reactions of a person confronted to a change of situation he cannot face. Periodontal ligament how is periodontal ligament abbreviated. To evaluate the amount of stress transmitted to tooth and periodontium with different restorative. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours.
Emotional stress can modulate the immune system through the neural and endocrine systems through. Stress, depression, and cort were correlated with measures of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is one of the two main diseases with. Its principal component is collagen, which is embedded in a gellike matrix. Periodontal disease is a group of illnesses located in the gums and dental support structures ligament and alveolar bone and are produced by certain bacteria. Defined as a group of such tissues that support and surround the teeth. Stress diminishes saliva flow and increases dental plaque formation. A literature search was conducted using the databases, medline, embase, cochrane. Sleep quality of sleep most adults require 79 hours of sleep per night. The role of diet in periodontal disease mr milward, ilc chapple clinical introduction periodontitis is a ubiquitous chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting structures of the teeth and if not promptly recognised and correctly managed can ultimately lead to tooth loss resulting in reduced. Periodontium ch 14 questions and study guide quizlet. An example method includes the steps of receiving imaging data such as xray image data and surface scan data of a dental anatomy andor a physical impression of the dental anatomy of a specific preidentified. The periodontium is the specialized tissues that both surround and support the teeth, maintaining them in the maxillary and mandibular bones. The relationship between stress and any disease is explained by hormonal modifications and behavioural changes induced by the stress.
Periodontal health lang 2018 journal of clinical periodontology. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. These include periodontal pocket formation, apical migration of junctional. Behaviorally active rats were most sensitive to stress. Some dentists, prior to placing a sub gingival finish line, retract the marginal gingiva either by electro surgery or by retraction card. The periodontium is composed of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, cementum and gingiva classification. Even though investigators have studied the impact of the immune response and of psychosocial components on the extent and severity of periodontitis, few studies have evaluated the impact of relationships among psychosocial wellbeing, status of the immune system, and the health of the periodontium, and the hypothesis was that stress elicits. The periodontium as a potential cause of orofacial pain ncbi. Stress related immune system changes clearly have the potential to affect the pathogenesis of periodontal disease as well. Periodontal ligament is a dense fibrous connective tissue which supports and attaches the tooth to its alveolar socket see fig. Psychologicalpsychosocial stress and periodontal diseases. The periodontium is the supporting apparatus of the tooth and is composed of mineralized and fibrous connective tissues. Effect of hyperfunctional occlusal loads on periodontium.
Sympathetic parasympathetic release of neuropeptides alteration of th1th2 ratio. We have no conflict of interest related to this work. It has been proven to cause not only healthrelated problems but problems pertaining to periodontium too. When the body is in an acute stress or alarm state, there is a marked increase of immune cells in the plasma mobilized from lymphoid organs. The homeostasis of the periodontium involves complex multifactorial relationships, in which the endocrine system plays an important role. Stress disrupts the homeostasis of this network, which in turn, alters immune function. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on. Periodontal health and disease fdi world dental federation. Original articles that reported on the effect of orthodontic therapy on periodontal health were included. Structure of periodontal tissues in health and disease. It is an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species ros and a. Influence of stress on periodontium stress is regarded as a cognitive perception of uncontrollability andor unpredictability that is expressed in a physiological and behavioural response 1. Stress induced changes in the stomach and periodontium were studied in animals with various types of nervous regulation pretreated with the regulatory peptide thymopentin.
Influence of stress on periodontal therapy outcomes. Stress over time stress that is continuous or builds up over time and is not managed effectively can have serious consequences to your health and overall quality of. The resiliency of crown material plays a pivotal role in delivering stress to the periodontium and supporting structures. Models to evaluate the role of stress in periodontal disease. This is your stress response relaxation response relaxation reverses the effects of the stress response.
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